French Madagascar will change into Militärverwaltung Madagaskar under Emil Maurice and then later Erhard Milch when the Second Malagasy Uprising triggers and the Germans coup the French colonial government.. Flag of the post-war Pakt Commission of Madagascar if the Germans win. French Madagascar is an overseas department of the French …The sequel to 2005's "Madagascar", in which New York Zoo animals, Alex the Lion, Marty the Zebra, Melman the Giraffe and Gloria the Hippo, still stranded on Madagascar, start to leave the island. ... (Sacha Baron Cohen) of the lemurs, dressed as a lady in a cake, and Maurice (Cedric the Entertainer) are coming along. The two monkeys, Mason and Phil, …Recherchez les vols pas chers pour Ile Maurice, tn.wego.com au départ de Madagascar | Découvrez toutes les offres de billets d'avion sur tn.wego.com ...Maurice returns with a much smaller role in Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, where he and the other two lemurs join the zoosters in catching up with the penguins and chimps. After joining the circus, the trio of lemurs fall into a crate holding Sonya the bear. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Prices published for Maurice Utrillo paintings range from $30,000 to over $500,000, as of September 2014. Most Utrillo paintings are sold through auction houses, such as Christie’s...Maurice : I don't know. There's still something about that one with the crazy hairdo that I find suspicious. Julian : Nonsense, Maurice. Come on, everybody! Let's go and meet the pansies! Julian : [singing] I like to move it, move it / She like to move it, move it / He like to move it, move it / You like to...Maurice is one of the main characters in the Madagascar franchise. Status: Alive Brachel (mother) Brodger (father) Brosalind (sister) King Julien XIII (relative) It is unknown how Maurice is related to Julien, but most likely their maternal relatives because Julien became king on his mother's... Jan 2, 2020 ... ... Madagascar Official YouTube Channel! Subscribe and come along with all your favourite characters, from King Julian & Mort to those ...Maurice is a character that appears in the Madagascar movies, The Penguins of Madagascar series (he doesn't appear in the movie) and All Hail King Julien. Maurice is highly skeptical of King Julien's mad plans. Maurice acts like a big brother to Mort. Maurice is generally less impressed by King Julien than the other lemurs. While Maurice accepts his life as a servant, he often shows disdain ... Ambassade de la République de Madagascar à Maurice avec juridiction sur les Seychelles, le Pakistan, le Bangladesh, l'Australie, la Nouvelle Zélande, ...Maurice Émile Félix Bloch (born 21 October 1939 in Caen, Calvados, France) is a British anthropologist. He is famous for his fieldwork on the shift of agriculturalists in Madagascar, Japan and other parts of the world, and has also contributed important neo-Marxian work on power, history, kinship, and ritual. Early life and education. Maurice Bloch was born in …Despite its economic and political issues, Madagascar has one of the fastest broadband speeds in the world. Madagascar, one of world’s poorest countries, has the fastest broadband ...Madagascar (2005) clip with quote A bull's eye. Excellent shot, Maurice. Yarn is the best search for video clips by quote. Find the exact moment in a TV show, movie, or music video you want to share. Easily move forward or backward to get to the perfect clip.Maurice Jules Marie Collignon (9 June 1893, Saint-Malo – 21 October 1978, Moirans) was a French geologist and paleontologist, who is best known for his research of Cretaceous period ammonites from Madagascar . A career military officer, in 1914 he received his diploma from the military academy at Saint-Cyr, then spent the next 36 years ...Maurice. 1. outline 2. course of action. 2.1. Madagascar 2.2. penguins of madagascar 2.3. Long live Julian the Great. 3. Note. 1. outline. A character from Penguins of Madagascar. The species is Aye. [2] Voiced by : Kevin Michael Richardson; Cedric the Entertainer (Madagascar series); Lee Kwang-soo ( Penguins of Madagascar, All Hail …Maurice is a supporting character in the Madagascar franchise and appears in the television series, The Penguins of Madagascar and All Hail King Julien. He is King Julien XIII's best friend. Maurice is King Julien's adviser - although Julien seldom listens to him - and often shows skepticism of his ruler's mad plans. In the films, he was voiced by …Madagascar (Franchise) Personality Type: ISTJ - 1w2 - sp/so - 162 - ESI - Lawful Good - RCOAN - LFVE - Melancholic-Phlegmatic - IS(T) Maurice is a "big boned" (overweight) aye-aye; he is King Julien's advisor — not that Julien ever listens to him — and is highly skeptical of his ruler's mad plans.Convert your voice recordings into any other type of voice with the Kits.AI voice changer. Choose from a variety of royalty-free artist or instrument AI voice generators, or train your own custom voice.Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008) clip with quote - He's rising, Maurice. - I'm rising, Maurice! Yarn is the best search for video clips by quote. Find the exact moment in a TV show, movie, or music video you want to share. Easily move forward or backward to get to the perfect clip.voiced by Jeffrey Katzenberg and 3 others. King Julien. voiced by Sacha Baron Cohen and 4 others. Maurice. voiced by Cedric the Entertainer and 6 others. Mort. voiced by Andy Richter and 6 others. Foosa. voiced by Tom McGrath and 2 others.The Penguins of Madagascar is an American animated television series co-produced by DreamWorks Animation and Nickelodeon. ... Maurice (Kevin Michael Richardson), and Mort (Andy Richter); and Mason (Conrad Vernon) and Phil the chimpanzees. Characters new to the series include Marlene the otter (Nicole Sullivan) and a zookeeper named Alice …The movie’s main lemur characters are King Julien the ring-tailed lemur, Maurice the aye-aye, and Mort the mouse lemur. You can also see a variety of other lemurs, including ruffed lemurs, sifakas, crowned lemurs, blue-eyed black lemurs, and brown lemurs. ... Fact 3: Madagascar has many unique habitats, and its wildlife has adapted to …Maurice (Madagascar). 600 likes. I am Maurice, Fear me!Air Mauritius offers many destinations at the best prices. Select your flight and buy your plane ticket and other services such as baggage, lounge, ...Ceci est un groupe public pour le marketing, ventes, achats, dons, bonnes affaires.Gontard, Maurice: Madagascar pendant la première guerre mondiale, Tananarive 1969: Éditions universitaires. Gontard, Maurice: La contribution de Madagascar à l’effort de guerre français. Le recrutement des volontaires malgaches pendant la guerre de, 1914-1918, in: Annales de l’Université de Madagascar Lettres 5, 1966, pp. 7-25. …Madagascar (Franchise) Personality Type: ISTJ - 1w2 - sp/so - 162 - ESI - Lawful Good - RCOAN - LFVE - Melancholic-Phlegmatic - IS(T) Maurice is a "big boned" (overweight) aye-aye; he is King Julien's advisor — not that Julien ever listens to him — and is highly skeptical of his ruler's mad plans.Orbit navigation Move camera: 1-finger drag or Left Mouse Button Pan: 2-finger drag or Right Mouse Button or SHIFT+ Left Mouse Button Zoom on object: Double-tap or Double-click on object Zoom out: Double-tap or Double-click on background Zoom: Pinch in/out or Mousewheel or CTRL + Left Mouse ButtonThe Madagascar Wiki went under a new administration in 2017 with the election of user Brendan Boman and AnnasElephants as the new bureaucrats of the Wiki. Much time has passed ever since, and the website and community has evolved into a different place with a fresh and different atmosphere. However, such also brings forth many changes to many ... Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa: Directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath. With Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith. The Madagascar animals fly back to New York City, but crash-land on an African nature reserve in Kenya, where they meet others of their own kind, and Alex especially discovers his royal heritage as prince …View Maurice’s full profile. Telecom technical executive.<br><br>I am a senior level technical professional with in…. · Experience: Orange Madagascar · Education: University of Oslo · Location: Madagascar · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. View Maurice Szmurlo’s profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members.The people of Madagascar like to wear more traditional clothing, which is full of a variety of rich colors and textile art, as well as more modern clothing based on the European we...Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa: Directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath. With Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith. The Madagascar animals fly back to New York City, but crash-land on an African nature reserve in Kenya, where they meet others of their own kind, and Alex especially discovers his royal heritage as prince …Madagascar is the second largest trading partner of Mauritius in Africa. Mauritius' exports to Madagascar amounting to US$135 million and Madagascar's exports to Mauritius reaching US$59 million. Agreements. In March 2019, three Memoranda of Understanding were signed by the two countries in the fields of tertiary education and scientific research, mutual legal …Zebra Martin (Chris Rock), Lion Alex (Ben Stiller), Hippo Gloria (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Giraffe named Melman (David Schwimmer) are inmates of the NY central zoo. Alex is the star & that makes Martin jealous. The Penguins have been digging a tunnel to escape the zoo & go to their homeland in Antarctica. One of the penguins talks to Martin ... Jan 29, 2024 · Maurice is known for his wit, intelligence, and resourcefulness. He often serves as an advisor and voice of reason among the lemurs. 4. How does Maurice contribute to the overall story of Madagascar? Maurice plays a crucial role in the Madagascar films, providing comedic relief and guidance to the main characters. King Julien, Maurice and Mort from "Madagascar" Crossword Clue Answers. Find the latest crossword clues from New York Times Crosswords, LA Times Crosswords ...Ice Age animal character illustration, Julien Madagascar Mort Animation Desktop, Madagascar, mammal, carnivoran png. PNG keywords.All of Maurice's voice clips from the Penguins of Madgascar game, provided by Kevin Michael Richardson once again. Richardson is the de facto replacement voi...An Archive of Our Own, a project of the Organization for Transformative WorksPrivate is a major character of Madagascar, a supporting character in Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, one of the central protagonists of The Penguins of Madagascar, a supporting character in Madagascar 3: …May 4, 2023 ... 4.4K Likes, 32 Comments. TikTok video from Will (@will.moseley): “#madagascar #mort #madagascarmort #foryoupage #funny #fyp #foryou #fy ...Movie Info. Animal pals Alex (Ben Stiller), Marty (Chris Rock), Melman (David …The Madagascar Wiki went under a new administration in 2017 with the election of user Brendan Boman and AnnasElephants as the new bureaucrats of the Wiki. Much time has passed ever since, and the website and community has evolved into a different place with a fresh and different atmosphere. However, such also brings forth many changes to many ... Maurice (born as Bricky) is a major character in the Madagascar franchise. He is an aye-aye lemur and King Julien's royal advisor and right-hand man. He is a side character in the films, The Penguins of Madagascar, and the deuteragonist of All Hail King Julien. According to Masikura, when Princess Julienne and Prince Barty went camping in the middle of the jungle near the Aye-Aye kingdom ... Convert your voice recordings into any other type of voice with the Kits.AI voice changer. Choose from a variety of royalty-free artist or instrument AI voice generators, or train your own custom voice.Maurice (Madagascar) - Download Free 3D model by chicosantossaraiva. Explore Buy 3D models. For business / Cancel. login Sign Up Upload. Maurice (Madagascar) 3D Model. chicosantossaraiva. Follow. 2. 2 Downloads. 15. 15 Views. 1 Like. Download 3D Model Add to Embed Share Report. Triangles: 896. Vertices: 450. More …Maurice - Madagascar. ayeaye penquinsofmadagascar movies madagascar maurice animated animation movies lemur . Soundboard | 21 sounds. King Julian, let me explain superstar . 297 . 1 . Everybody, just go back to dancin’ now! superstar . 96 . 0 ‘no sleep is a good thing’ superstar . 201 . 0 .Maurice (born as Bricky) is a major character in the Madagascar franchise. He is an aye …Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted is a 2012 American animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and PDI/DreamWorks and distributed by Paramount Pictures. ... Sacha Baron Cohen as King …Dec 16, 2023 ... Sigue a Mort en sus locas aventuras. Clica aquí para subscribirte: ...All of Maurice's voice clips from the Penguins of Madgascar game, provided by Kevin Michael Richardson once again. Richardson is the de facto replacement voi...All Hail King Julien is an American animated streaming television series that stars King Julien, Maurice, and Mort from DreamWorks Animation's Madagascar franchise and takes place in Madagascar before the events of the first film, making it a prequel. It is the second DreamWorks Animation show to be based on the Madagascar franchise.. The series …I, Maurice is an episode of All Hail King Julien and the thirteenth episode of Season 4. On the plane, Julien is screaming for Clover and Maurice, but tells them not to get too close as they might be infected. Julien tells them is reading a book of diseases given to him by Doctor S He thought it was a picture book but didn't know how detailed the pictures were. When …Prices published for Maurice Utrillo paintings range from $30,000 to over $500,000, as of September 2014. Most Utrillo paintings are sold through auction houses, such as Christie’s...In this video, I take a look at the full history of madagascar side-characters king julien and maurice! Watch some of my other all hail king julien, mort and...The Penguins of Madagascar; Season 1: Country of origin: United States: No. of episodes: 48: Release; Original network: ... As Julien (Danny Jacobs) and Maurice (Kevin Michael Richardson) fight over a camera that had fallen into their habitat, the flash suddenly fires, resulting in Maurice falling out of the enclosure. However, since Julien sees Maurice's …Nov 12, 2018 · Madagascar - Crying Mort: King Julian (Sacha Baron Cohen) sends out Mort (Andy Richter) to meet savage beasts.BUY THE MOVIE: https://www.fandangonow.com/det... -Composer: Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937)-Performers: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (Baritone), Wolfgang Sawallisch (Piano), Karheinz Zoll...Shop for the perfect maurice madagascar gift from our wide selection of designs, or create your own personalized gifts.Maurice Madagascar. View the profiles of people named Maurice Madagascar. Join Facebook to connect with Maurice Madagascar and others you may know. Facebook gives people the...Maurice Benyovszky's journeys. Count Maurice Benyovszky de Benyó et Urbanó (Hungarian: Benyovszky Máté Móric Mihály Ferenc Szerafin Ágost; Polish: Maurycy Beniowski; Slovak: Móric Beňovský; 20 September 1746 – 24 May 1786) was a renowned military officer, adventurer, and writer from the Kingdom of Hungary, who described …Distances in Madagascar can be deceptive. A 100-mile (around 160.9 km) journey can take much longer than expected due to road conditions. Mauritius, being smaller with better roads, allows you to traverse the 40-mile (around 64.4 km) width of the island in under an hour.Maurice is one of the main characters in the Madagascar franchise. Status: Alive Brachel (mother) Brodger (father) Brosalind (sister) King Julien XIII (relative) It is unknown how Maurice is related to Julien, but most likely their maternal relatives because Julien became king on his mother's... Maurice returns with a much smaller role in Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, where he and the other two lemurs join the zoosters in catching up with the penguins and chimps. After joining the circus, the trio of lemurs fall into a crate holding Sonya the bear. Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008) clip with quote - He's rising, Maurice. - I'm rising, Maurice! Yarn is the best search for video clips by quote. Find the exact moment in a TV show, movie, or music video you want to share. Easily move forward or backward to get to the perfect clip.Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted: Directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath, Conrad Vernon. With Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith. The Madagascar animals join a …maurice is an Aye-aye, which is the largest noctournal primate in the world, and is only found on the island nation of Madagascar. The Aye-aye is a type of lemur (Daubentonia madagascariensis).Book your ticket online. Passengers aged 60 and above may book online and email supporting documents to [email protected] or fax them on +230 466 9014. Tickets will be issued within 72 hours through our Call Centre + 230 2077575.voiced by Jeffrey Katzenberg and 3 others. King Julien. voiced by Sacha Baron Cohen and 4 others. Maurice. voiced by Cedric the Entertainer and 6 others. Mort. voiced by Andy Richter and 6 others. Foosa. voiced by Tom McGrath and 2 others.Maurice (born as Bricky) is an aye-aye lemur and King Julien's advisor and right-hand …maurice is an Aye-aye, which is the largest noctournal primate in the world, and is only found on the island nation of Madagascar. The Aye-aye is a type of lemur (Daubentonia madagascariensis).Jun 8, 2012 · Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted: Directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath, Conrad Vernon. With Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith. The Madagascar animals join a struggling European circus to get back to New York, but find themselves being pursued by a psychotic animal-control officer. Madagascar is a 2005 computer-animated survival comedy film, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It stars Ben Stiller as Alex, Chris Rock as Marty, David Schwimmer as Melman, Jada Pinkett Smith as Gloria, Sacha Baron Cohen as King Julien, Cedric the Entertainer as Maurice, and Andy Richter as Mort. In this film, Alex and his …Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008) clip with quote - He's rising, Maurice. - I'm rising, Maurice! Yarn is the best search for video clips by quote. Find the exact moment in a TV show, movie, or music video you want to share. Easily move forward or backward to get to the perfect clip.King Julien saying that Madagascar "really is paradise" to Maurice in King Me.. King Julien XIII is one of the main characters in the Madagascar franchise. He is the main protagonist of All Hail King Julien, the deuteragonist and occasionally antagonist of The Penguins of Madagascar, and a supporting character in the films. Reserva un crucero maurice, ,Madagascar,Seychelles,Tanzania de 10 noches desde US9 a bordo del Le Champlain (Ponant) con salida de Bergen.Amazon.com: Madagascar : La Réunion, L'île Maurice, Les Seychelles: 9782842779023: C. Vaisse: Books.In today's video I'm going to talk 👑 King Julien's royal advisor Maurice. And I share how Juilen and Maurice met and even that Maurice isn't his real name a...According to DreamWorks, Mort is a lemur – a Goodman’s mouse lemur to be precise, which is one of the smallest primates on the planet. He’s not the only lemur character in the Madagascar franchise either; his pals King Julien and Maurice are lemurs too, more specifically a ring-tailed lemur and an aye-aye, respectively. Although Mort …The embassy of Mauritius in Antananarivo is located at Lot II J 172 B, Rue Ranaivo Paul, Office No 1105 in Ivandry and can be contacted by telephone on 20 22 538 42 / 44 and by email [email protected] and [email protected] is a character in the Madagascar franchise. He is one of the main characters in The Penguins of Madagascar. Mort King Julien Skipper Kowalski Private Rico Phil and Mason Marlene Alex Marty Gloria Melman Vitaly Gia Stefano Sonya Esmeralda, Esperanza and Ernestina Frankie Freddie Jonesy... Maurice Madagascar. With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Maurice Madagascar animated GIFs to your conversations. Share the best GIFs now >>>.The Penguins of Madagascar is an American animated television series co-produced by DreamWorks Animation and Nickelodeon. ... Maurice (Kevin Michael Richardson), and Mort (Andy Richter); and Mason (Conrad Vernon) and Phil the chimpanzees. Characters new to the series include Marlene the otter (Nicole Sullivan) and a zookeeper named Alice …-Composer: Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937)-Performers: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (Baritone), Wolfgang Sawallisch (Piano), Karheinz Zoll...Rent Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted on Apple TV, Amazon Prime Video, Vudu, or buy it on Apple TV, Amazon Prime Video, Vudu. ... Maurice Voice Andy Richter. Mort Voice ...All the loveable characters are back - Alex the lion, Marty the zebra, Melman the giraffe and Gloria the hippo, King Julien, Maurice and the penguins - in "M...Maurice is a character in the Madagascar franchise. He is one of the main characters in The Penguins of Madagascar. Mort King Julien Skipper Kowalski Private Rico Phil and Mason Marlene Alex Marty Gloria Melman Vitaly Gia Stefano Sonya Esmeralda, Esperanza and Ernestina Frankie Freddie Jonesy...
Amazon.com: Madagascar : La Réunion, L'île Maurice, Les Seychelles: 9782842779023: C. Vaisse: Books.. Xochitl pronunciation
Madagascar: Directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath. With Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith. A group of animals who have spent all their life in a New York zoo end up in the jungles of Madagascar, and must adjust to living in the wild.Maurice (birth name: Bricky) is an overweight aye-aye and a supporting character that appears in the Madagascar movies (except Penguins of Madagascar), The Penguins of Madagascar and All Hail King Julien. Madagascar 01 Maurice is King Julien's advisor - although Julien seldom listens to him - and often shows skepticism of his ruler's mad plans. He has a long squirrel-like bushy tail. He lived ... Jaurice is the slash ship between King Julien and Maurice from the Madagascar fandom. In the series, King Julien is the self-proclaimed king of the lemurs in Madagascar. He is known for his flamboyant personality, charisma, and love for dancing. On the other hand, Maurice is King Julien's best friend and loyal advisor. He is a calm and level-headed character …Madagascar (2005) PG 05/27/2005 (US) Family, Animation, Adventure, Comedy 1h 26m User Score. Play Trailer; Someone’s got a zoo loose. Overview. Alex the lion is the king of the urban jungle, the main attraction at New York's Central Park Zoo. ... Maurice (voice) Andy Richter. Mort (voice) Tom McGrath. Skipper / Fossa / Panicky Man on Subway …Maurice (born as Bricky) is a major character in the Madagascar franchise. He is an aye-aye lemur (despite lacking the middle finger) and King Julien's royal advisor and right-hand man. He is a side character in the films, The Penguins of Madagascar, and the deuteragonist of All Hail King Julien. Conversations involving him. The Red Squirrel (Mort is tied to a rope and is dunked in monkey toys) Buck: Where's "The Red Squirrel"! Bring him up. (He's brought up.) Buck: All right, pigeon. Sing for me! Mort: Uhh, (singsong) I don't know where the Red Squirrel is, but this one time, I found a piece of red licorice.Jan 2, 2020 ... ... Madagascar Official YouTube Channel! Subscribe and come along with all your favourite characters, from King Julian & Mort to those ...Madagascar: Directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath. With Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith. A group of animals who have spent all their life in a New York zoo end up in the jungles of Madagascar, and must adjust to living in the wild. All of Maurice's voice clips from the Penguins of Madgascar game, provided by Kevin Michael Richardson once again. Richardson is the de facto replacement voi...maurice, Madagascar... - Cruceros ( 11 dìas / 10 noches ) a bordo del Le Champlain de Ponant. 1 salidas. Precios desde US,486.Maurice is a character played by Cedric The Entertainer in the animated movie …Jaurice is the slash ship between King Julien and Maurice from the Madagascar fandom. In the series, King Julien is the self-proclaimed king of the lemurs in Madagascar. He is known for his flamboyant personality, charisma, and love for dancing. On the other hand, Maurice is King Julien's best friend and loyal advisor. He is a calm and level-headed character …Maurice is a character played by Cedric The Entertainer in the animated movie …Maurice - - Madagascar está em AnimeComics - Personagens de Quadrinhos, Desenhos Animados, Animes, Filmes e Games.Madagascar (2005) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more.Summaries A group of animals who have spent all their life in a New York zoo end up in …Mar 16, 2022 · In this video, I take a look at the full history of madagascar side-characters king julien and maurice! Watch some of my other all hail king julien, mort and... If you’ve ever been captivated by the fascinating world of Madagascar, you would …Julien : No. I mean, yes. Well, Maurice? Maurice : Yeah, it's fifty-fifty. Julien : Look, Maurice! The perfect spot for my summer palace! Please fill in all these holes and relocate the riff-raff. [sees Melman in the dying hole] Julien : Who'd leave a perfectly good head lying around? Shop for the perfect maurice madagascar gift from our wide selection of designs, or create your own personalized gifts.Maurice Marty Melman Madagascar Sticker, Madagascar transparent background PNG clipart · Keywords · PNG Clipart Information · License · Resize PNG Clipa....